• Attacks are usually triggered by cold, emotional stress, etc.
• Classically, there are 3 consecutive phases:
o Cold / pale (White) - Vasoconstriction
o Cyanosis (Purple) - Ischemia
o Hyperemia (Red) - Reperfusion
• Isolated (primary) Raynaud's phenomenon does not usually have a progressive course and is a benign condition.
• SSc-associated (secondary) Raynaud's phenomenon is progressive; results in digital ulceration and loss of fingers.
• Raynaud's phenomenon treatment
o Precautions; cold protection, avoidance of vasoconstrictor drugs ...
o Vasodilator drugs;
• Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, amlodipine)
Angiotensin receptor blockers (superior to ACE inhibitors)
• Alpha blockers (prazosin etc.)
Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (sildenafil etc.)
Prostaglandin analogs (ilioprost etc.)
o Beta blockers should be avoided
o Bosentan prevents the development of new ulcers in patients with ischemic finger ulcers.
