Cleft lip and cleft palate
They are the most common congenital facial defects.
Although cleft lip and palate is more common in boys, isolated cleft palate is more common in girls.
In isolated cleft palate, incomplete cleft palate is the most common type of cleft with approximately 70%.
Left lip clefts are more common than right lip clefts.
Left complete cleft lip + complete cleft palate is the most common type of cleft
It can be diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound.
The "10"s rule in treatment
• Weight over 10-pound (4500g)
• Hb over 10 g
• Age should be over 10 weeks
Cleft lip in 3-6 months
Cleft palate should be repaired within 9-12 months, preferably before speaking.
Choanal Atresia
It is seen with a frequency of 0 8/100000.
Unilateral atresia is 2 times more common than bilateral atresia (60%).
30% boned; There is 70% bony and membranous type atresia.
0 50% is associated with additional anomalies, especially CHARGE syndrome is important.
0 It is also associated with Treacher-Collins, Apert, DiGeorge, VATER, Trisomy18 syndromes.
0 CHARGE; Colobama, (Heart) Heart defect, Choanal Atresia, Mental Retardation, GUS anomalies, (Ear) Ear anomalies
0 Infants have cyanosis, bruising, intercostal and retrosternal WITHDRAWALS.
0 Symptoms disappear when the baby cries. Recurs when you stop crying (cyclic cyanosis)
0 Respiratory tract infections are common.
0 In the diagnosis, a soft probe is inserted and it is examined whether it has passed into the pharynx.
0 Pyriform aperture syndrome, encephalocele, dermoid cyst, septal abnormalities, benign nasal tumor, nasolacrimal duct cyst are important in the differential diagnosis.
0 Early surgical treatment should be performed.
Pierre-Robin Syndrome
Mandible hypoplasia
Cleft palate
Wheezing, tachypnea, cyanosis, stridor are seen.
When the baby is lying on his back, the tongue slides back, making breathing difficult.
Thyroglossal And Branchial Cysts
0 Thyroglossal duct cysts are the most common congenital mass lesion of the neck region.
0 Thyroglossal duct cysts are more common (55%) and are located in the midline under the hyoid bone. They drain into the foramen cecum.
0 Branchial cysts are located along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and may drain into many different places.
0 Thyroglossal cysts move with swallowing.
0 Branchial cleft cysts are painless, smooth-sided, slowly expanding masses. There is a discharge of saliva, pus, sputum from the end of the sinus tract
0 The most common complication of an infected cyst is abscess formation.
0 In the treatment of cyst removal, the hyoid bone should be removed.