Facial Nerve
consists of motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibers.
N. facialis; It courses in the canalis nervi facialis, which is called the follopian canal in the temporal bone.
The facial nerve emerges from the foramen stylomastoideum to the skull base.
Within this canal, it divides into 4 branches from proximal to distal:
N. petrosus major (superficial petrosal nerve):
B) gang. from geniculi.
C) It reaches the glandula lacrimalis.
N. stapedius:
D) It innervates M. stapedius.
E) Hyperacusis occurs when the stapes muscle does not function.
R. comm. plexus tympani
N chordae mp ni:
• Carries parasympathetic fibers of sublingual and submandibular glands.
• The anterior 2/3 of the tongue carries the sense of taste.
• It goes by leaning against the eardrum from the inside.
• After the facial nerve leaves the temporal bone, it divides into five branches that go to the mimic muscles in the parotid.
temporal branch
zygomatic branch
buccal branch
mandibular branch
cervical branch
It is divided into peripheral and central facial paralysis.
Lesions at the supranuclear level are called central facial paralysis.
In peripheral facial paralysis, the entire ipsilateral half of the face is affected, whereas in central facial paralysis, only the contralateral lower half of the face is affected.
The House-Brackman system is the most commonly used grading system in the physical examination of facial nerve palsies.
Methods used to evaluate facial nerve function: Lacrimal function (Schirmer's test), stapes reflex, sense of taste, amount of saliva (submandibular gland), saliva Ph
Lyme disease, syphilis, sarcoidosis, Bell's palsy, brain stem encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, benign intracranial hypertension may cause.
Rather, tumors of the facial nerve itself or other tumors affecting the facial nerve (such as acoustic neuroma) should be considered.
ganglion level.
N. facialis; It courses in the canalis nervi facialis, which is called the follopian canal in the temporal bone.
The facial nerve emerges from the foramen stylomastoideum to the skull base.
Within this canal, it divides into 4 branches from proximal to distal:
N. petrosus major (superficial petrosal nerve):
B) gang. from geniculi.
C) It reaches the glandula lacrimalis.
N. stapedius:
D) It innervates M. stapedius.
E) Hyperacusis occurs when the stapes muscle does not function.
R. comm. plexus tympani
N chordae mp ni:
• Carries parasympathetic fibers of sublingual and submandibular glands.
• The anterior 2/3 of the tongue carries the sense of taste.
• It goes by leaning against the eardrum from the inside.
• After the facial nerve leaves the temporal bone, it divides into five branches that go to the mimic muscles in the parotid.
temporal branch
zygomatic branch
buccal branch
mandibular branch
cervical branch
It is divided into peripheral and central facial paralysis.
Lesions at the supranuclear level are called central facial paralysis.
In peripheral facial paralysis, the entire ipsilateral half of the face is affected, whereas in central facial paralysis, only the contralateral lower half of the face is affected.
The House-Brackman system is the most commonly used grading system in the physical examination of facial nerve palsies.
Methods used to evaluate facial nerve function: Lacrimal function (Schirmer's test), stapes reflex, sense of taste, amount of saliva (submandibular gland), saliva Ph
Bilateral Facial Paralysis
The most common cause is Guillain-Barré syndrome.Lyme disease, syphilis, sarcoidosis, Bell's palsy, brain stem encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, benign intracranial hypertension may cause.
Progressive Paralysis
Slow onset and progressive paralysis cannot be Bell's palsy.Rather, tumors of the facial nerve itself or other tumors affecting the facial nerve (such as acoustic neuroma) should be considered.
Traumatic Facial Paralysis
The most common site of injury is the labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve and the geniculate.ganglion level.