direct graphs
• Nerve tissue and parenchyma cannot be shown with X-ray.
• Cranium and vertebral column are examined.
• Outdated in the patient who came to the emergency room.
Computed Tomography
• The main indication for CT in neuroradiology is acute hemorrhage. The first examination in the evaluation of acute cerebral hemorrhage is CT.
• Today, vascular malformations and aneurysms can be detected with multislice CT method and 3D reconstruction imaging without catheter angiography.
• With CT cisternography, the source of rhinorrhea can be detected by giving iodinated contrast to the subarachnoid space.
Angiography
• Evaluation of the vascular structures in the cranium by administering contrast material into the artery and vein.
• Structures called metallic coils are filled into the aneurysm and thrombus is formed. The neck of the aneurysm is closed.
• Embolizing agents can be administered in arteriovenous malformations or fistulas.
• Vascular stenosis can be opened with a balloon.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Very clear images are taken, especially in soft tissue.
• It is the best imaging method in the diagnosis of demyelinating diseases.
• It is also superior to CT in the evaluation of brain masses.
• Diffusion MR is the first and best test in the evaluation of acute ischemia. Contrast is not used in diffusion MRI.
USG
• From the neonatal period to the period when the fontanelles are open, ventricular structures, hemorrhages into the parenchyma, and congenital anomalies can be visualized on Transfontanel USG.
• The main indication for transfontanel USG in newborns and premature babies is subependymal germinal matrix bleeding.
• Color Doppler USG is used for pathologies of the carotid and vertebral vessels before they enter the brain.
• It is used to evaluate the presence of direction of flow (subclavian steal) in the vertebral artery.
Medulla Spinalis Imaging
• In congenital anomalies: MRI
• Evaluation of bone pathology in spinal cord traumas: Direct X-ray (first) + CT (best)
• In spinal cord evaluation in medulla spinalis traumas: MRI
• Vascular pathologies: Angiography
• Disc pathologies: MRI