• The prevalence of Haemophilus influenzae among children under five years of age has increased.
Risk factors for AOM or acute otitis media
Being a maleReflux or regurgitation (especially in childhood)
• Feeding Bottle
• Early AOM
• Allergy
• Social and economic level
• passive smoking
• family history
The presence of a person with a viral infection in the home
Acute otitis media
• Eustachian tube dysfunction (obstruction) is the most important etiology.
• Eustachian tube in children up to 7 years of age is:
Shorter, more horizontal, functional, less mature
• Also via an ascending road after an upper respiratory tract infection
Causes of recurrent acute otitis media
• Adenoid hyperplasia • Immunodeficiency• Rhinitis • Cystic fibrosis
• Sinusitis • Diabetes
Cleft palate Leukemia
Treatment: antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, and paracentesis of the lower posterior quadrant.
Complications of otitis media
• Acute mastoiditis: There is redness in the mastoid area.• Subperiosteal abscess: the patient suffers from redness and swelling behind the ear. The ear is pushed forward.
• Labyrinthitis: accompanied by dizziness and nystagmus.
• Rock inflammation: there is retrograde pain in the orbit. If there is distal paralysis and acute/chronic otitis media (runny ear) with pain, it is called Gradenigo's syndrome.
• Facial paralysis: If it is caused by acute otitis media, antibiotics are given in the treatment. Surgery is the only option in the case of chronic otitis media.
• Sigmoid sinus thrombosis: there may be fever and signs of raised intracranial pressure
Hydrocephalus: It is characterized by increased intracranial pressure and ventricular hypertrophy due to sigmoid sinus thrombosis.
• Meningitis: It develops frequently in children.
• Subdural abscess: It is more common in sinusitis than in otitis. catastrophically worse. It can lead to rapid loss of consciousness and death.
Acute and chronic complications of otitis media
Complications under the temporal lobe
a. Mastoiditis (the most common complication of an ear infection)
Subperiosteal abscess
1. Bezoid abscess: sternocleidomastoid muscle area
2. Cetella's abscess
3 . Luc's abscess: zygomatic region
NS. Petroset
C - labyrinthitis
Dr.. Facial paralysis
E - deep neck inflammation
Intracranial complications
a. abscess/epidural granulation
NS. sinus thrombus
NS. brain abscess
Dr.. Hydrocephalus
NS. Meningitis (the most common intracranial complication of otitis media)
And. subdural abscess.